LIMT Collaborative Notes
Please share your Chapter 11 notes here
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Paula's crip notes for test May 15
Addition of Jennie's class notes
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Anatomy is study of body structures and their positional relationships
Homeostasis is constancy of internal environment
Metabolism is total of all physical and chemical processes that occur in an organism, results in growth, generation of energy, elimination of wastes, and other bodily functions
Physiology is study of how body functions in normal body processes
Planes of Reference:
- Frontal or coronal plane separates into front and back, or anterior and posterior
- Transverse plane separates into top and bottom, or superior and inferior
- Saggital plane separates into right and left
- Midsaggital plane separates into equal right and left halves
Anatomical position is standing erect, arms down, palms facing forward
CCTOOO is the acronym for the order of least complex to most complex organization:
Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism
Circulatory - transports
Intergretary
Urinary - affects blood ph
Skeletal
Digestive
Respiratory
Endocrine (use in time of stress)
Nervous
Reproductive
Muscular
Cell is fundamental unit of all living things
Tissue is groups of similar cells that act together to perform a specific function
''1. Nerve Tissue
2. Muscle Tissue
3. Connective Tissue
4. Epiletheal Tissue''
Mitochondria are the cell’s power plant and site for cellular respiration
Nucleus is the cell’s control center, directs metabolic activity
Cell membrane separates cytoplasm from surrounding external environment, governs exchange of nutrients and waste materials
Filtration is movement of particles across cell membrane because of pressure
Phagocytosis is cell-eating (keyword: ingest)
Synovial membrane lines freely moving joints
Mucous membrane lines open body cavities
Serous membrane lines closed body cavities
Posterior or dorsal is entire rear side of body, taking into account anatomical position of arms/hands
Medial is toward or near midline
Superior is above (cranial)
Inferior - caudal
Lateral is to the side, used when describing location on trunk of body, farther away from midline
Homolateral (ipsilateral) - on the same side of the body
Centralateral - opposite side of the body
Proximal - near a point of reference usually toward center of body (appendages)
Anterior or ventral is entire front side of body, taking into account anatomical position of arms/hands
Peripheral or superficial is pertaining to the outside surface or surrounding the external area of a structure
Distal is farthest from body, used when describing location on a limb (opposite of proximal) (used with a point of reference)
Central (deep) - center of body
Appendages - only proximal or distal. They cannot be medial or lateral. Used in referencing the same appendage.
Superficial - (peripheral) outside surface
Axillary is armpit
Antecubital is inside of elbow
Digital or phalangeal is fingers and toes
Femoral is thigh between hip and knee
Antebrachial is forearm
Costal is ribs
Quadrants of body (upper right, upper left, lower right, lower left)
Upper right quadrant = liver
Lower right quadrant = appendix
Examples -
Wrist is distal to elbow
Forehed is superior to chin
Cervical is entire neck
Palmar is palm of hand
Orbital is eyes (ophthalmic)
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TERMS OF THE HEAD & NECK AREA
Buccal - cheek area
Cephalic - head end - whole area of the head
Cranial - skull, head area
Facial - face area
Frontal - forehead
Mandibular - lower jaw
Oral - mouth
Mental - chin area
Nasal - nose region
Nuchal - posterior neck
Occipital - posterior inferior head
Otic - ear (auricular)
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acromial - top of the shoulder
antebrachial - forearm (wrist and elbow)
antecubital - front of elbow - bend of elbow
brachial - upperarm - between shoulder and elbow
carpal - wrist area
cubital - elbow
deltoid - curve of the shoulder and upper arm formed by the deltoid muscle
palmar (volar) - anterior surface of the hand (palm of hand)
Pollex - thumb
Calf or sural is calf of leg - posterior leg
Popliteal is back of knee
Scapula is “shoulder blade”
Lumbar region is located on spine, between ribs and hips
2 Types of Cavities
1. Dorsal cavity is on posterior of body and contains spine and brain
2. Ventral cavity is on anterior of body and contains everything else
Types of tissues: CEMN=T Connective, Epithelial, Muscle, Nerve = Tissues
Epithelial tissue lines or covers internal and external organs of the body, including skin
__Nerve Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Connective Tissue__
10 body systems: CSI, RRM, NUDE: Circulatory, Skeletal, Integumentary, Respiratory, Reproductive, Muscular, Nervous, Urinary, Digestive, Endocrine
Thixotropy, from Greek root, meaning to touch and turning
Thixotropism, ability of fascia to turn or change its state (soften) through touch or friction, it is aided by hydration
Abdominal (celiac) - anterior trunk between thorax and pelvis
Costal - ribs
Groin (inguinal) area where the thigh meets the abdomen
Mediastinal - thoracic cavity occupying the area betweent he lungs.
Pectoral (mammary) upper anterior thorax
Pelvis - inferior region of abdominopelvic cavity
Perineal - region between pubis and coccyx; inferiror pelvic cavity
Pubic - region of the pubic symphysis at the genital area
Thoracic - between the neck and respiratory and diaphram - upper chest
Umbilical - mid abdoment or navel (scar left from umbilical cord)
Coccygeal - bottom of the spine - upper region of the gluteal cleft
Gluteal (buttock) - curve of the buttocks by the gluteal muscles
Lumbar - low back between the ribs and the hips
Sacral - Sacrum of the spinal column
Sacreillac - between the sacrum and the pelvic bone
Vertabal - vertebrae of the spinal column
Calcaneal - heel (acheillies tendon)
Coxal - hip region
Crural - leg (entire leg)
Dorsum - top of foot
Femoral - femur or thigh area between the hip and knee
Hallux - big toe /great toe
Patellar - kneecap
Pedal - foot or feet
Plantar - (volar) bottom surface or sole of foot
Tarsal - ankle
Cytoplasm